Multi-hazard Early Warning Center (MHEWC) – Multi-hazard Early Warning Center (MHEWC)

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Climate Risk & Vulnerability Assessment

Climate Risk & Vulnerability Assessment

MHEWC provides technical support at the country level to design, and develop the complete set of GIS and ICT tools based on comprehensive climate risk and vulnerability assessment( CRVA), Multi-hazard risk assessment, Post-disaster damage, loss and needs assessment (PDNA), multi-hazard preparedness, response and recovery planning, sector level and integrated climate change adaptation (CCA) local government planning and budgeting system, CCA, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Nature-based Solution(NbS), Locally led adaptation (LLA) etc.

MHEWS provides consultancy support to country-level national disaster management organizations (NDMO), the National Meteorological and Hydrological Organization (NMHS), the National Met Agency, Sector Ministries, and Departments in the following technical areas;

2) Develop a complete set of ICT, GIS, IT database tools based tools based comprehensive climate risk assessment( CRVA): Develop CRVA ICT tools and conducted manual and capture risk elements (around 200) with GPS data logger, GPS essential, Drone (for aerial image captures), and hardcopy GIS administrative base map with multiple layers (Risk and Resource). Conducting consultation with participatory rural appraisal (PRA), Conducting participatory Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interviews (KII), PRA, PLA, LLA methods with climate frontline vulnerable community, vulnerable sectors, vulnerable communities, local enterprises, local credit operators, SMEs, market operators, and utility services provides and captures data with hard & soft copy templates

3) Multi-hazard risk assessment, Post-disaster damage, loss and needs assessment (PDNA),

4) Multi-hazard preparedness, response and recovery planning, sector level

5) Climate risk-informed integrated climate change adaptation (CCA) local government planning and budgeting system,

6) Sector-specific CCA, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Nature-based Solutions (NbS), Locally led adaptation (LLA) etc.

Gendered vulnerability and risk assessment tools ( South-eastern Afican Countries) :

Questionnaires on Preparedness Phase ( Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe )

Questionnaire for the Preparedness Phase of Cyclone, Floods and Drought

Type of Methodology, tools, and guidelines does the duty bearer follow in developing preparedness plans?

Background document Check ( Technical background of asking for the tools ) : Multi-hazards and climate Riks and vulnerability Aeessemet (CRVA) and develop informed tools at national and sub-national levels : Preparation of precision level Multi-hazard early warning, impact-based forecast( sectoral elements), Weather warning, Weather alerting and outlook preparations -depends on the Geospatial CRVA repository /GIS maps on landscape topographical Pattern, environmental settings(elements) , vegetation , soil composition, geological & geomorphological elements, hydrometeorological, weather pattern , inbuilt physical installations , climatic /multi-hazard exposure, risk and vulnerability of elements on ground. Overlaying weather forecasts, warning outlook over the Geolocational captured/placemark of elements and Risk and vulnerability characteristics of the elements can easily calculate the impact level of elements on the ground based and hazards weather intensity, extent of areas are overlaying on the elements can easily calculate the impact level, anticipatory Loss and damage (L& D) of elements from the forecasts/weather warning of cyclone, heavy rainfall, drought affected areas. WRD gender impact assessment would like to review the most important CRVA reports, methodology, process, CRVA conducting tools (GIS maps, Remote sensing maps, GPS apps for placemaking of coordinates of elements, picture of elements, highest flooding level of elements, GIS base maps of showring local geographic features) national, provincial, district, sub-district and village level. Most importantly, the coordinates/place of women headed households(based on Sex, age, and disability disaggregated data -SADDD database ) , women headed farmlands, local of small holder farmlands, fisheries farm( ponds), , business points, women headed value chain service trigger points, flood proof sectoral lifeline basic service trigger points/elements ( WASH, heath, Water, food security elements, agency disaster shelters, core family shelters, buildings, schools, water borehole, water point etc. over the district, village level GIS maps can guide and inform the precision level and effective emergency preparedness planning , pre-positing of humanitarian assistance for saving lives when physical communication channel are broken, landscape isolated and hard-to-reach areas. )

Availability of CRVA and PDNA reports on each administrative areas (Province, District, Municipality, District Town, Municipal town, Village) for facilitating the emergency preparedness planning ?
Types of Stakeholders engaged in assessment process?
Types of ICT tools uses for conducing ( GIS/RS maps, Satellite image, google image, drone image, local government GIS maps, online geospatial platform on elements , Government statistical department census datasets ?
How are household level SADDD datasets on gender being collected? Data collection tools used
Availability of Multi hazard Risk atlas and consultation process with multi-stakeholder level, community level (Community PRA, FGD, KII based consultation with GIS maps and risk captured?? Uses of Online GIS/GPS apps, drone, satellite image utilized the risk mapping? Multi-hazard and climate risk and vulnerabilities over the sectoral and livelihood Element, impact repository and informed tools regularly being updates ?
Women livelihood elements clearly plotted over map and risk and vulnerability narrated on CRVA book? Women Livelihood Risk atlas developed? Engaged risk assessment stakeholders conducted Participatory Consultation Process with the vulnerable group and capturing community social, economic, financial and other vulnerabilities?
Community PRA , FGD, KII based consultation with GIS maps and risk captured ?

Availability of Geospatial platform based multi-hazard risk atlas and CRVA administrative areas (Province, District, Municipality, District Town, Municipal town, Village) for facilitating the emergency preparedness planning

Availability of geospatial platform and dataset accessible to local stakeholders for developing local level Preparedness plans
Logn rage weather forecast /outlook being utilized for informing the early preparedness planning and sectoral alerting ?
Engaged institution linked with Regional Early warning system in preparedness planning

How stakeholder develop humanitarian program cyclone ? Consideration of the following factors for preparation of preparedness plan
CRVA informed tools based prepositioning emergency humanitarian assistance at local level
Gendered classified People in Need (PIN)
Contingencies being prepared with CRVA Classified gender needs (Sex, age, and disability disaggregated) datasets, location, , risk driver factor consideration.
Informed tools driven contingency plans minimizes the planning gaps, resource gaps and effectively utilized as guided tools for emergency evacuation, emergency mobilization and saving life and livelihood assets.

What type of gap identified on gender sensitive preparedness and contingency planning ?
Availability of geospatial platform and dataset accessible to local stakeholders for developing local level Preparedness plans
Logn rage weather forecast /outlook being utilized for informing the early preparedness planning and sectoral alerting ?
Engaged institution linked with Regional Early warning system in preparedness planning
Road map of preparing early warning :

Review Steps , procedures of preparing early warning system ( Cyclone)

Cyclonic Development Stage	Responsibility of national Storm warning center, Met agency, Nowcasting, flood forecasting and early warning system (FFWC), NMHS in extreme weather events and impeding disaster conditions	Preparedness Advisory to NDMO, EOCs, Sector departments, Local gender machineries, front line community, gender working group, frontline women headed households at high risk areas ( CRVA risk repository and raking)	Indicative gaps over the tools, process, early warning development, operational forecasting, warning, alerting, impact forecasting for sectors and women headed households over the vulnerable areas
Tropical disturbance, tropical depression level ( </= 62 kmh)	La-reunion tropical storm warning center and Met agency able to predict the depression level?	Storm related advisories go for alerting frontline that there are likelihood of impending storm over the sea. Responsibility of gender machinery, Women group, women leadership, Women and social ministry, relevant women led organization. Any operational forecast being issued by those stakeholders to getting women headed household well award, prepared for and respond to.	What is level of performance of warnings being issued by the La Reunion , National Met Agency?
Moderate Cyclonic storm ( 63-88kmh)	La-reunion tropical storm warning center and Met agency able to predict the Cyclonic storm level? and advisory on tracking path and impact level early?	What advisory goes NDMO and above group about lead-time for the preparedness of saving properties ?Any impact forecast, operational forecasts considering the tacking path, epicenter of landfalls, decapitation path over the ground and areas of tracking could potentially be devastated , so that vulnerable women well alerted and follow the operational forecasts for taking personal/household level measures of saving life and properties ?	1)What is level of performance of warnings being issued by the La Reunion , National Met Agency? 2)What are the indicative gap on appropriate advisories and operational forecasts for women headed households?
Severe cyclonic storm ( 89-117kmh)	La-reunion tropical storm warning center and Met agency able to clearly predict the Cyclonic storm level? and advisory on tracking path, epicenter of taking landfalls, impact level based on developing stage , energy level, velocity and impeding conditions in early ?( case studies of past cyclone …………………… Precision level weather warning, alerting, impact forecasts, operational forecasts on cyclone induced storm surge , precipitation intensity over the ground, probable coastal and inland flooding area, Lead-time to take landfall and epicenter of landfall etc. ?( case studies of past cyclone ……………………)	At this stage what advisory goes NDMO and above group about lead-time for the preparedness of saving properties and lives?Sufficient informed tools e.g. classified advisories, sectoral operational forecasts, sectoral impact forecasts for preparedness planning	Indicative gap on appropriate advisories at this stage and necessary operational forecasts for women headed households.
Tropical Cyclone ( 118-165 kmh)		At this stage what advisory goes NDMO and above group about lead-time for the preparedness of saving properties and lives?Sufficient informed tools e.g. classified advisories, sectoral operational forecasts, sectoral impact forecasts for preparedness planning	Indicative gap on appropriate advisories at this stage and necessary operational forecasts for women headed households.
Intense Tropical Cyclone (166- 212 kmh)		At this stage what advisory goes NDMO and above group about lead-time for the preparedness of saving properties and lives ?Sufficient informed tools e.g. classified advisories, sectoral operational forecasts, sectoral impact forecasts for preparedness planning.	Indicative gap on appropriate advisories at this stage and necessary operational forecasts for women headed households.
Very Intense Tropical Cyclone (213 kmh and above )		What advisory goes NDMO and above group about lead-time for the preparedness of saving properties and lives ?Sufficient informed tools e.g. classified advisories, sectoral operational forecasts, sectoral impact forecasts for preparedness planning .	Indicative gap on appropriate advisories at this stage and necessary operational forecasts for women headed households.

Review Steps, procedures of preparing Flood early warning system :

Flood forecasting and early warning system	Responsibility of national FFWC in tools preparation, operational forecasting process, early warning development forecasting, warning, alerting, impact forecasting on the impeding floodings	Preparedness Advisory to NDMO, EOCs, Sector departments, Local gender machineries, front line community, gender working group, frontline women headed households at high risk areas ( CRVA risk repository and raking)	Indicative gaps over the tools, process, early warning development, operational forecasting, warning, alerting, impact forecasting for sectors and women headed households over the vulnerable areas
Observation System in place	Any form of hybrid weather[1] observation system currently functional over the high value elements for tacking impeding rapidly developing thunderstorm for the high value elements ( rural settlements , vulnerable structures of households, urban settlements, basic utility structures, lifeline services structures, sectoral elements ) , women headed location of entrepreneurs , value chain location, business unit ?	Having Access to compendium of regional multi-hazard early warning system e.g. SADC WMO center at Pretoria?	What are the observation tools gap ? What are the stakeholder partnership gap in accessing early warning ?
Any data acquisition from transbay upstream river network ? a) Mozambique from Malawi and Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe from Zambia etc.	Transboundary data incorporate in FFWC central server for issuing effective early warning at downstream countries	EOC develop any operational forecast and Impact based forecast for the vulnerable sector
Telemetric observation over the river system	Central FFWC having data acquisition from telemetric river gauging station? Processing flood level data and predict Flood forecasting and early waring over the geospatial portal?	EOC develop any operational forecast and Impact based forecast for the vulnerable sector?	What are the indicative gaps on precision level flood forecasting ?
Having any Telemetric / Automatic weather observation for tracking convective clouds and tracking sudden onset heavy precipitation ?	Level of FFWC capacity on Realtime issuing flash flooding, landslide, mudslide for saving lives	EOC develop any operational forecast and Impact based forecast for the vulnerable sector?	What are the indicative gaps on precision level flash flood forecasting ?
Capacity of nowcasting	Constant event situation tracking ( if heavy rainfall starts at midnight and need evacuation in 15-30 minutes to an hour ? What are the relevant very rapid-onset public alerting, warning( RDT- warning, Nowcasting, heaving rainfall alerting ) so that vulnerable people be alerted 30-munties to 1-6 hours ago that heavy rainfall are highly-likely over those aeras are please take emergency shelter.	1)What about EOC’s responsibility on nowcasting of rapidly developing weather conditions ? 2)Tools and process of event situation reporting?	What are the indicative gaps on precision level nowcasting, event s

What are the level of drought early warning system complying the Sendai Framework Approach on Warly warning for All ?:
Mechanism of developing Impact based Early warning, tracking the disaster path( hotspot) based on the landscape fragility , topography, soil condition, environmental settings ( susceptibility of landslide, mudslide, rockfall, debris fall, collapsing built-in physical infrastructure ) , epicenter, severe, very-high, high, medium impact areas ?
Availability of national, province, district level drought early warning system and linkage with global and regional drought early warning system?
Having access to IDEA FAO tracking the SMEs for preparing outlook of food security?
Any online value chain information management system for supporting food security?

Developing Early Action Protocol (EAP) by IFRC, National Redcrooss, other stakeholder :

What is the mechanism of developing Impact based weather forecast (IFB) and District wise Anticipatory Early Action Protocol (EAP) to be developed ( with 5W) structures ?
What are the Forecast based EAP and Forecast based Financing Mechanism (FBF) and humanitarian resources allocations ( UN HCT-CERF/DERF-Track funds, UN-Cluster HPC- intervention , UH-Agency pool-fund , Government Contingency Funds, Local Government Contingency Funds, I-NGOs CSO, CBO, Charities, and other non-stakeholders funds ) on the basis of SADDD( so that no highly vulnerable women, adolescents, children and other vulnerable are equally being prioritized)
District wise Warly warning early action plan ( based on early development EAP) – 5W( who will do ,what, when , where and how) Humanitarian contingencies ( must address comply SADDD)
based on the localized impact category, risk and vulnerabilities, what are the District wise Anticipatory Early Action Protocol (EAP) to be developed ( with 5W) structures ?
What are the Forecast based EAP and Forecast based Financing Mechanism and humanitarian resources allocations ( UN HCT-CERF/DERF-Track funds, UN-Cluster HPC- intervention , UH-Agency pool-fund , Government Contingency Funds, Local Government Contingency Funds, I-NGOs CSO, CBO, Charities, and other non-stakeholders funds ) on the basis of SADDD( so that no highly vulnerable women, adolescents, children and other vulnerable are equally being prioritized)?

8) District wise Warly warning early action plan ( based on early development EAP) – 5W( who will do ,what, when , where and how) Humanitarian contingencies (using the sex, age, disability disaggregated data -SADDD) ?

9) Availability of Geospatial server based , Common Alerting Protocol(CAP) system, real time weather alerting system, multi-hazard alerting system, hotspot tracking and incidence alerting system, military running incident command system(ICS) , Make sure all those warning and alerting system being instrumentalized with hybrid weather observations mechanism in place e.g. telemetric community based flood early warning mechanism, NMHS telemetric hydrological observation system, Met agency telemetric and Automatic weather stations -AWS, Met -agency human weather observer,?

10) Development of Point based weather, multi-hazard observation, weather outlook, weather warning, disaster alert, hotspot of the disaster incidence capture, current event situation reporting ( High-value elements e.g. settlement( cluster houses, remote villages, small township, municipality, urban centers, market place, industry, mining areas, critical government infrastructure & utility infrastructure, water control hydrological infrastructure, water structures, standing crop lands, value chain structures , sector specific service delivery structures, and all other critical structures ) for informing humanitarian actions.

B. What are the key gaps and how has the crises impacted on these key gender gaps

1) Availability of gender responsive preparedness plan for cyclone ?

Plan guided by CRVA , showing all elements on map, risk ranking, Risk and vulnerability atlas, locations of vulnerable women household, GIS and geospatial map based guidelines on evacuation route, guidelines for women and children to take shelter at what cyclonic stage ? National forecast guidelines of evacuation preparation? Stakeholder coordination map and guideline?
1. Maps evacuation route, mode of transport for the evacuation, GIS maps showing all shelters, core family shelter, disaster shelter, physical building, and government installation to take shelter.
1. Having guidelines for gender sensitivity, and gender safety at disaster shelter
1. Showing the shelter status of provision of prepositioning relief items, food, NFI, Medicare and other facilities?
1. Operational Preparedness plan for the sector:
1. Agriculture sector operational forecasts of possible Loss damage of standing crops (women stallholders be able to take early measures for saving the crops, fisheries, livestock and other elements.
1. Preparedness for the other sectors and sectoral elements , Preparedness guidelines and operational forecasts for other sectors Nutrition Transport, Logistics and Communication Food Security , Shelter and Camp Management , Agriculture, Protection, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)., Health etc.
1. Guidelines for gender friendly evacuation and sheltering
1. Guidelines and stakeholders functional map for performing preparedness
1. Availability of operational weather forecast for the women header smallholder farmers for better preparedness( agrometeorology, weather, water stress etc.) ?
1. Availability of operational forecasts for geospatial tools base management of women headed households?
1. Functional Guidelines of Emergency Operations Center (EOC) ,
1. Operational guidelines for Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) , Humanitarian actions guidelines,
1. Operational guidelines of all stakeholders with 5W.